Gioi thieu ve viec loai tru tep khoi ban sao luu
Quan ly tep tin backup la mot phan quan trong trong viec bao ve du lieu va toi uu hoa khong gian luu tru. Khi ban sao luu he thong hoac du lieu ca nhan, nhieu tep khong can thiet nhu tep tam, tep trung gian hoac tep da khong con gia tri su dung co the bi sao chep va lam day bo nho. Dieu nay khong chi giam hieu suat ma con gay lang phi tai lieu luu tru. De giai quyet van de nay, ban can biet cach loai tru cac tep cu the khoi qua trinh sao luu. Bai viet nay se huong dan ban nhieu phuong phap hieu qua nhat de loai bo cac tep khong mong muon, du an tren cac he dieu hanh pho bien nhu Windows, Linux, hoac cac dich vu dong bo nhu Synology Drive. Chung toi se cung cap thong tin chi tiet ve cach thuc hien tren tung nen tang, tu cac cong cu tich hop san trong he thong den cac lenh dong lenh nang cao.
Tai sao can loai tru tep khoi ban sao luu
Loai tru cac tep khoi ban sao luu la mot viec lam can thiet de duy tri hieu suat he thong va tiet kiem chi phi. Cac tep khong can thiet, nhu tep tam thoi, tep log cu, hoac tep ma ban da xoa nhung van con trong bo nho dem, co the lam tang kich thuoc ban sao luu mot cach dang ke. Dieu nay dan den viec ton nhieu thoi gian hon de thuc hien sao luu, dac biet la khi ban su dung o cung quay truyen thong hoac ket noi mang cham. Hon nua, viec sao luu qua nhieu tep khong can thiet co the gay ra loi trong qua trinh phuc hoi du lieu, boi vi he thong co the bi roi khi phai xu ly mot luong lon tep khong co gia tri. Trong moi truong doanh nghiep, viec loai tru tep cung giup dam bao tuan thu cac chinh sach bao mat du lieu, khi cac tep nhy cam hoac khong can thiet duoc loai bo khoi ban sao luu. Vi vay, hieu ro cach loai tru tep la mot ky nang quan trong doi voi nguoi dung ca nhan va chuyen gia IT.
Phuong phap loai tru tep tren Windows
Su dung Backup va Restore (Windows 7) tren Windows 10/7
Tren Windows 10 va Windows 7, cong cu Backup va Restore (Windows 7) cho phep ban quan ly khong gian luu tru bang cach xoa cac ban sao luu cu hoac loai tru cac tep cu the. De thuc hien, ban vao Control Panel, chon Backup and Restore (Windows 7). Tiep theo, nhan vao Manage space de xem cac ban sao luu hien co. Tai day, ban co the chon cac khoang thoi gian hoac cac ban sao luu cu the de xoa. Tuy nhien, cong cu nay khong hoan toan cho phep loai tru tung tep rieng le, ma chu yeu xoa toan bo phien ban sao luu. De loai tru tep chi tiet hon, ban co the can den cac phuong phap khac nhu su dung File History hoac lenh dong.
Su dung File History va lenh PowerShell
File History tren Windows 10 la mot tinh nang sao luu tu dong cac tep trong thu vien Documents, Pictures, Videos, va Desktop. De loai tru cac tep cu hoac lam sach cac phien ban cu, ban co the su dung lenh PowerShell. Mo PowerShell voi quyen Administrator, sau do chay lenh fhmanagew.exe -cleansnapshots 0. So 0 trong lenh nay dai dien cho so ngay muon giu lai cac tep. Vi du, neu ban muon giu cac tep trong 30 ngay, hay chay fhmanagew.exe -cleansnapshots 30. Lenh nay se xoa tat ca cac phien ban cu hon khoang thoi gian do. Phuong phap nay dac biet hieu qua khi ban can giai phong dung luong o cung ma khong anh huong den cac tep hien tai. De biet them chi tiet, ban co the tham khao tai lieu tu Microsoft.
Loai tru tep trong Backup Exec cua Veritas
Trong moi truong doanh nghiep, Backup Exec cua Veritas la mot giai phap sao luu pho bien. De loai tru cac tep cu the khoi ban sao luu, ban can chinh sua dinh nghia backup. Mo Backup Exec, chon muc Backup, sau do chon Backup Definition ma ban muon chinh sua. Nhan chuot phai va chon Properties. Trong cua so thuooc tinh, chuyen den tab Exclusions. Tai day, ban co the nhan Insert de them cac quy tac loai tru. Ban co the loai tru theo ten tep, duong dan, hoac theo loai tai nguyen. Vi du, ban co the them quy tac loai tru tat ca cac tep co phan mo rong .tmp hoac .log. Backup Exec cho phep ban xem truoc cac tep se bi loai tru truoc khi ap dung. Dieu nay giup ban kiem tra va dam bao rang cac tep can thiet khong bi loai bo nham. Sau khi them xong, nhan OK de luu lai dinh nghia backup. Phuong phap nay dam bao rang cac tep khong mong muon khong bao gio duoc sao chep trong cac phien ban backup tiep theo.
Loai tru tep tren Plesk Panel
Plesk la mot bang dieu khien web hosting pho bien, cho phep nguoi dung quan ly website va sao luu du lieu. De loai tru cac tep cu the khoi ban sao luu Plesk, ban lam theo cac buoc sau. Truy cap vao Plesk Panel, vao muc Websites & Domains, chon website can cau hinh. Sau do, chon Backup & Restore. Khi tao mot ban sao luu moi, ban se thay tuy chon Exclude specific files. Danh dau vao o nay, sau do nhap duong dan day du cua tep hoac thu muc muon loai tru. Vi du, ban co the nhap /httpdocs/directory/file.jpg de loai tru mot tep cu the, hoac su dung bieu thuc glob nhu *.png de loai tru tat ca cac tep PNG. Plesk cho phep ban nhieu dong, moi dong mot quy tac. Dieu nay rat linh hoat cho cac website co nhieu loai tep khong can thiet nhu anh quang cao cu hoac file log. Sau khi cau hinh xong, nhan OK de bat dau sao luu. Cac tep loai tru se khong xuat hien trong ban sao luu, giup giam kich thuoc va thoi gian sao luu.
Loai tru tep trong Synology Drive
Synology Drive la giai phap dong bo va sao luu danh cho cac thiet bi NAS cua Synology. De loai tru cac tep cu the khoi qua trinh dong bo hoac sao luu, ban can cau hinh trong client Synology Drive tren may tinh. Mo Synology Drive Client, chon muc Backup Tasks hoac Sync Tasks, tuy thuoc vao loai tac vu ban dang su dung. Trong phan Settings, ban tim den muc Exclusions hoac Filters. Tai day, ban co them cac quy tac loai tru dua tren ten tep, phan mo rong, hoac duong dan. Vi du, neu ban khong muon dong bo cac tep tam thoi tu phan mem Office, ban co the them quy tac loai tru *.tmp. Dieu dac biet trong Synology Drive la ban co the ap dung loai tru cho cac duong dan cu the, nhu loai tru chi trong thu muc /Documents/Temp ma khong anh huong den cac thu muc khac. Sau khi cau hinh, nhan Apply de luu. Quy trinh nay giong voi cac he thong dong bo khac, va giup ban tiet kiem bo nho tren NAS bang cach khong sao chep cac tep khong can thiet.
Danh sach cac buoc co ban de loai tru tep backup
De giup ban de dang thuc hien, duoi day la danh sach cac buoc co ban ap dung cho nhieu he thong:
- Xac dinh loai tep can loai tru: tep tam, tep log, tep da xoa, hoac tep co kich thuoc lon.
- Mo cong cu sao luu hoac dong bo ban dang su dung, nhu Backup Exec, Plesk, hoac Windows File History.
- Tim den phan cai dat loai tru hoac filter, thuong nam trong menu Settings, Properties, hoac Exclusions.
- Them quy tac loai tru bang cach nhap ten tep, phan mo rong, hoac duong dan. Su dung ky tu dai dien nhu * de loai tru nhieu tep.
- Kiem tra lai danh sach loai tru truoc khi ap dung de tranh loai bo nham tep quan trong.
- Ap dung thay doi va chay lai tac vu sao luu hoac dong bo de kiem tra hieu qua.
Bam theo cac buoc nay, ban co the loai bo nhung tep khong mong muon ma khong can den kien thuc chuyen sau ve lap trinh.
Bang so sanh cac cong cu loai tru tep
De de dang so sanh tinh nang cua cac cong cu loai tru tep tren cac he thong khac nhau, chung toi trinh bay bang duoi day:
| Cong cu | He dieu hanh | Cach loai tru | Kha nang loai tru tep cu the |
|---|---|---|---|
| Backup and Restore (Windows 7) | Windows 10/7 | Xoa phien ban sao luu | Khong |
| File History + PowerShell | Windows 10 | Lenh fhmanagew.exe -cleansnapshots |
Co, theo ngay |
| Backup Exec (Veritas) | Windows Server | Tab Exclusions trong Backup Definition | Co, theo tep, duong dan, tai nguyen |
| Plesk Panel | Linux/Windows | Tuy chon Exclude specific files | Co, theo duong dan va glob |
| Synology Drive Client | Windows/Mac/Linux | Muc Exclusions trong Backup/Sync Tasks | Co, theo duong dan cu the |
Bang nay cho thay su khac biet ve kha nang loai tru tep giua cac cong cu. Backup Exec va Plesk cung cap nhieu tuy chon lin hoat nhat, trong khi cong cu Windows co ban chi cho phep xoa phien ban.
Luu y khi thuc hien loai tru tep
Khi ban loai tru cac tep khoi ban sao luu, can tranh mot so loi thuong gap. Dau tien, hay chac chan rang ban khong loai bo cac tep he thong hoac tep cau hinh quan trong, vi dieu nay co the lam hong kha nang phuc hoi du lieu. Thu hai, kiem tra lai cac quy tac loai tru truoc khi ap dung, dac biet khi su dung bieu thuc glob rong nhu *.*. Thu ba, doi voi cac he thong sao luu lon nhu Backup Exec, nen thu nghiem tren mot tap du lieu nho truoc khi ap dung cho toan bo he thong. Cuoi cung, thuong xuyen xem lai danh sach loai tru de cap nhat khi nhu cau thay doi. Viec nay giup ban toi uu hoa qua trinh sao luu theo thoi gian.
Loi ich cua viec loai tru tep hieu qua
Loai tru tep khoi ban sao luu mang lai nhieu loi ich thiet thuc. Ban se tiet kiem duoc dung luong o cung, dac biet quan trong khi su dung o cung SSD dat tien hoac dich vu luu tru dam may. Thoi gian thuc hien sao luu va phuc hoi duoc rut ngan dang ke, giup ban khong mat thoi gian cho cac tac vu hang ngay. Trong moi truong doanh nghiep, viec nay con dam bao tinh toan ven du lieu va giam tai cho ha tang mang. Ngoai ra, chi phi luu tru cung duoc giam, boi vi ban chi luu nhung tep thuc su can thiet. De biet them thong tin chi tiet ve cach toi uu ban sao luu, ban co the tham khao bai viet tai trang huong dan loai tep backup.
Ket luan
Loai tru cac tep khoi ban sao luu la mot ky nang khong the thieu de quan ly du lieu hieu qua. Voi cac huong dan cu the tren Windows, Backup Exec, Plesk, va Synology Drive, ban co the ap dung ngay vao he thong cua minh. Hay nho rang viec nay khong chi gop phan tiet kiem tai nguyen ma con dam bao rang ban sao luu cua ban luon gon nhe va hieu qua. De tim hieu them ve cach quan ly tep backup moi nhat, ban co the xem tai lieu tai trang huong dan tu Wondershare. Ap dung ngay hom nay de thay su khac biet trong hieu suat he thong cua ban.
Tai lieu tham khao
No Windows 10/7: Use "Backup e Restauracao (Windows 7)" no Painel de Controle, clique em "Gerenciar espaco" e selecione os periodos de backup para excluir. Fonte: Microsoft (Info Ace Tech) — infoacetech.net/pt/Windows/excluir-arquivo-de-backup/
Historico de Arquivos do Windows: Para limpar backups antigos, abra o PowerShell (Admin) e execute `fhmanagew.exe -limpeza 0` (ou substitua 0 pelo numero de dias para manter). Fonte: Wondershare (Recoverit) — recoverit.wondershare.com.br/computer-backup/delete-backup-files-in-windows-10.html
Backup Exec (Veritas): Edite uma definicao de backup, clique em "Exclusoes" e use "Inserir" para adicionar regras de exclusao por nome, caminho ou recurso. Fonte: Veritas — veritas.com/support/pt_BR/doc/63421179-153325696-0/v91884336-153325696
Plesk Panel: Em "Websites & Domains > Backup & Restore", marque "Excluir arquivos especificos" e insira a rota (ex: /httpdocs/directory/file.jpg) ou use expressoes glob (*.png). Fonte: B2B Hosting — b2bhosting.es/knowledgebase/4883/Como-Excluir-ArchivosorCarpetas-Especificos-de-la-Copia-de-Seguridad-de-Plesk.html
Synology Drive: Permite excluir arquivos de backup apenas para uma determinada rota especifica dentro do cliente Synology Drive. Fonte: Reddit (Synology).
